A tile with a global history
The techniques for making majolica tiles left their birthplace in the Islamic world to influence the development of ceramics in Italy, the Netherlands, France, and other nations. Around the middle of the 16th century, they reached England. With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, industrial advancements and technological innovations in majolica production later led to the development of popular British Victorian tiles.
These tiles were introduced to Japan in the late Edo period (1603–1867) and early Meiji period (1868–1912), when Japanese craftsmen began studying and developing tiles based on Victorian tile samples. By the early 20th century, Japan had developed a dry-forming method of tile production, rapidly improving quality and consistency, and it began exporting majolica tiles.
Export markets included China, Southeast Asia, India and the Americas. “Taiwan was a Japanese colony, and more than 90% of the majolica tiles on Taiwan’s residences were manufactured in Japan,” estimates Horigome. Japanese companies created tiles to suit local tastes, with auspicious images and fruits common on tiles shipped to Taiwan and Sanskrit words and Hindu gods on those exported to India.
These small tiles tell a tale of economic geography and globalization. Britain’s tile manufacturing technology and general industrial preeminence once gave it the lion’s share of the global market. As a latecomer, Japan at first imitated, striving to develop tiles of comparable quality. Taking advantage of its location and its empire, Japan then began exporting majolica tiles, with Taiwan its first target market. Builders here beautified many of the island’s facades and rooftops with these tiles.
These small objects helped to shape many cityscapes, all the while connecting Japan and Taiwan with each other, as well as to Southeast Asia, China and even European countries such as the United Kingdom. Without delving deeply into these tiles’ history, you’d never know how these seemingly commonplace items link the world together and provide an endless source of fascination.
The Agricultural Exhibition Hall at National Taiwan University is a postwar modernist building built in 1963. Designed by the architect Chang Chao-kang, it is known around campus as “Holey Hall” thanks to the porthole-like ceramic tubes featured on its exterior walls.