The earth is like a tangerine
It was during the making of the "Looking at Taiwan from New Angles" map series, a turning point in Yap's academic career, that the scandalous horizontal map of Taiwan would come from his own hand. Yap was flabbergasted that the map he created became a political flashpoint. In fact, within this series of maps, there were some that followed the convention of north at the top, while others were presented from the side to show Taiwan's mountains three-dimensionally, and still others highlighted the topography of the sea floor surrounding Taiwan. There was no controversy for almost six months after the maps were published.
Yap takes out the original map marked with a latitude and longitude grid, explaining, "The title of the map is Our East Asian Neighbors, and its purpose was to show the countries around Taiwan. A lot of people think this map is just Taiwan rotated 90° counterclockwise. But in fact, if we look at the latitude-longitude grid, we can see I used a particular projection called the oblique Mercator projection, because it's the most faithful way to represent the East Asian island arcs."
"The earth is like a tangerine," says Yap, further elaborating on the differences between a three-dimensional surface and a flat map. "When we peel off the skin, we can't lay it out like a rectangle." Showing the features of the earth on a traditional map is like stretching the orange peel into an oblong shape, while forcing the stem to be at the top. The result is serious distortion and loss of realistic representation.
"For example, on the world maps we usually see, Greenland, which has less than a third of the area of Australia, looks bigger than Australia, which is misleading. Therefore we should to choose the projection best suited to the subject in order to best represent the facts."
Education minister Tu's use of the map in 2004 to advocate his abandonment of the Greater China concept and adoption of a Taiwan-centric view of history was lambasted by the opposition party as an advocacy of "desinicization" and Taiwan independence, because mainland China was at the bottom of the map and only shown in part. The map was transformed into a political wrestling match between pro-unification and pro-independence camps. A map that had been intended to faithfully display the geographic relationships among Taiwan and nearby East Asian countries instead became an object of scorn.
Looking back at this controversy, Yap notes that the variety of information on maps, including place names, divisions and borders, may well contain some form of ideology and historical view. It's for this reason that the Nationalist government strictly controlled maps after the war, keeping them to a uniform standard. So it can be hard for people to accept maps that are drawn in new ways. After the Statute for Examination of Maps was repealed in 2004, maps in Taiwan have become more diverse, and such disputes will gradually wane. His map's involvement in politics was certainly not Yap's intention, but the attention to the diversity of maps that it provoked is not a bad thing.
The three major urban centers where Japanese was most commonly spoken in the past in Taiwan are the same three in which Mandarin Chinese is most common today (the clusters of small pink circles on the map to the right). Interestingly, Japanese was also commonly spoken on the east coast: it was an area with a high concentration of Japanese immigrants, and where the Japanese government was more dedicated to "civilizing" the Aborigines.